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Report on UNICEF’s Water Interventions Mapping (2005-2009)Northwest region
Posted on October 17, 2010 at 07:18:52 PM by mb4

Report on UNICEF’s Water Interventions Mapping (2005-2009)Northwest region

Somalia Water and Land Information Management
Ngecha Road, Lake View. P.O Box 30470-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Tel +254 020 4000300 - Fax +254 020 4000333,
Email: enquiries@faoswalim.org Website: http//www.faoswalim.org.

Full-text report 82 pages

1. Introduction

Water, in most parts of Somalia, has always been scare, and the problems have been aggravated by the destruction and looting of water supply installations during the civil war and the continuing conflicts, and general lack of maintenance. They are compounded with erratic rain patterns, which produce both droughts and floods. For example the Jilaal, the long dry season, is historically a period of hardship especially in the central zones of Somalia. In such a season water becomes scarce, demanding long treks by livestock and humans in search of sufficient water and pasture. Also in most areas the nomadic way of life is adapted to the low annual rainfall amounts of high spatial and temporal variability, which induce persistent droughts worsened by the arid geology. In contrast the geomorphology and river hydrology provide opportunities for settled agriculture, but also induce periodic flooding, and stress in the riverine communities.

1.1 Major Water Sources in Somalia

In order to implement various intervention activities for rehabilitating or developing the water infrastructures of Somalia, it is quite necessary to have a stock of the existing major water sources of the country. The major water sources of Somalia are listed below:

North West Zones (Somaliland)

The Major surface water sources in Puntland and Somaliland consist of:
i. Water pans or dams (waro or balliyo in Somali language)
ii. Springs
iii. Underground cistern (berkado or mugciid)
iv. Shallow hand dug wells
v. Deep water boreholes
vi. Subsurface dams
vii. Infiltration galleries

Great challenges were presented, but despite these challenges significant achievements were made. With over 30,000 Kilometres travelled in the country 2,254 sources were visited, inspected and assessed; 1,038 in Somaliland,

Table 1: Strategic Point Water Sources Surveyed by SWALIM
Location Number of Source Types
Northern Somalia (Somaliland)
Region Names Dam Borehole Dug well Other Spring Grand Total
Awdal 14 25 104 37 180
Woqooyi Galbeed 87 43 212 4 34 380
Togdheer 19 40 86 31 20 196
Sanaag 2 32 107 1 30 172
Sool 2 18 86 3 109

Table 2: Zonal / Regional interventions implemented by UNICEF (2005-2009)
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Total per region

North West Zone
Awdal 1 2 10 6 19 14
Woqooyi Galbeed 5 2 4 15 16 42 25
Togdheer 6 13 10 29 8
Sanaag 1 5 14 31 51
Sool 2 2 7 10 21
Sub-Total 5 6 19 59 73 162

Table 4: Beneficiaries estimates of UNICEF’s WASH interventions (2005-2009)
Urban Water System Zone
Location Beneficiaries

NWZ Borama 80,000
Gebiley 45,000
Berbera 42,000

4.2 Current Urban Interventions Mapping

UNICEF has been helping to improve water supply services in urban areas in Somalia since early in the 1990’s. UNICEF administered many water supply rehabilitation and improvement services in cities such as Bossaso, Borama, Baidoa, Erigavo, Gebiley, Berbera.

4.5.5 Erigavo Water Supply System

Rehabilitation works were implemented on GTZ Well No. 3. This well has 180 m3/hr of yield. A new 147 m3 capacity water tank was constructed and new six- and four inch PVC piping installed of 3 Km long. Five new kiosks, a generator and watchman rooms were also constructed. The borehole was equipped with a Grundfos submersible Sp k-45 pump and a Perkins PEP03 generator and a 40KVA electric motor. However, major drawbacks faced the pipeline for lack of junction boxes or saddle boxes or protected main halls. The system is not yet operational.

4.5.6 Berbera Water Supply System

According to the latest information received from UNICEF, major physical works were implemented on the water supply systems and included:
1) Excavations, dismantling and removal of 10,730 meters of the old Turkish and British 6 inch and 8 inch cast iron and asbestos pipes and replacing them with new 6 inch and 8 inch UPVC pipes; with the appropriate fittings (bends, elbows, unions, adapters, gate valves, air valves etc)
2) Installation/backfilling and testing of 3,500 meters of new 4 inch UPVC pipes between the old British tank and the Jaamalaaye new IDP settlement.
3) Cleaning and repair of the existing 13 spring collection tanks, repairing cracks on walls and installation of protective covering made of corrugated iron sheeting, timber posts and beams with mesh to the spring collection wells.
4) Desilting and replacing of inlets/outlets with new pipes, from the existing collection chambers at the Dubar springs.
5) Construction of 3 new chambers, rehabilitation of 12 existing chambers at the spring site and construction of 1one underground tank for regulating flow of water from the springs.
6) Construction of 3 new kiosks with an 870m long supply trench fitted with 4” UPVC pipes and 3 new water yards installed with 300 meters of 2” UPVC supply pipes to the three kiosks.

4.5.7 Gebiley Water Supply System

Intervention works on the existing water supply system was carried out in phases from the period 2005 to 2008 as summarized below:
1) Rehabilitation of the existing borehole head in addition to; installation of 1 Generator (Perkins 30KVA) and 1 one Submersible pump, SP17-18 with 16 pieces of riser pipes electrical cable and testing of the borehole yield.
2) Development of the pipeline with 12 Kilometres of a new 6 inch and 8 inch UPVC ring mains.
3) Construction of 5 new water kiosks complete with pipe connections, ground tank and a 225 m3 elevated steel tank.
4) Connection of one booster pump to the new transmission pipe to lift water to the new elevated tank was implemented.
5) First orientation workshop on PPP to Gebiley water users, community leaders,former water agency management and members of the municipal authorities.
6) Implementation of a collaboration of the Gebiley water supply system equipment inventory with the municipality and the existing Gebiley water agency.
7) Rehabilitation and equipping of the old water agency offices compound to serve as the main offices for the newly established utility company.
8) Installation of 1300 linear meters of new 4” UPVC transmission pipe complete with fittings (none return valves, gate valves etc), from the new well to the existing transmission line along the main road from Jameeco1 borehole.
9) Installation of 400 linear meters of new 4” UPVC pipes with rings to a section of the existing transmission pipe to replace old transmission mains from Jameeco1 borehole to the town.

4.5.8 Improvement to Borama Water Supply System

Modification interventions were implemented on the pipeline design of the town and supported by the rehabilitation of 4 boreholes by UNICEF. Each was equipped with submersible pumps together with a central power station located at the booster station. However only three of the boreholes are in operation as the fourth one was kept inoperative to avoid well depletion as part of sound water resources management policy implementation.

4.5.9 Other Ubran Interventions

Water management committees were established and training and capacity building offered. An example includes; workshops and programmes planned and implemented to enhance community awareness towards Borama water supply and Public Private Partnership. Similar trainings were offered in other major towns as mentioned earlier, e.g. Gebiley water supply system in the year 2006 where training on computerized billing system was offered to the financial and administrative staff of the existing water agency by an external consultant hired by UNICEF. Other technological innovations were also enhanced, with the introduction of computerized billing systems.

The total number of beneficiaries of the programme was found to be 1,724,250, with 526,250 in NWZ, 342,250 in NEZ and 855,750 in CSZ. 41% are rural population, 36% are IDPs and 23% are urban population.

http://www.delken.ec.europa.eu/en/publications/Unicef|0Report|0-|0Final|0Draft.pdf

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